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Ans. 1. Multithreading provides better interaction with the user by distribution of task
2. Threads in Java appear to run concurrently, so it provides simulation for simultaneous activities.The processor runs each thread for a short time and switches among the threads to simulate sim-ultaneous execution (context-switching) and it make appears that each thread has its own processor.By using this feature, users can make it appear as if multiple tasks are occurring simultaneously when, in fact, each is running for only a brief time before the context is switched to the next thread.
3. We can do other things while waiting for slow I/O operations.In the java.iopackage, the class InputStreamhas a method, read(), that blocks until a byte is read from the stream or until an IOExceptionis thrown. The thread that executes this method cannot do anything elsewhile awaiting the arrival of another byte on the stream.
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Ans. It's a choice to be made whether to use first approach ( Thread class ) or second approach ( runnable interface ) by the programmer. The second facility has been given for cases where your class is already extending some parent class and hence cannot extend another class ( for Thread ) as Java doesn't allow multiple inheritance.
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Ans. ConcurrentMap is an interface and it is a member of the Java Collections Framework. It represents a Map that is capable of handling concurrent access to it without affecting the consistency of entries in a map. ConcurrentMap interface present in java.util.concurrent package.
HashMap operations are not synchronized, while Hashtable provides synchronization. Though Hashtable is thread-safe, it is not very efficient. To solve this issue, the Java Collections Framework introduced ConcurrentMap in Java 1.5.
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Ans. It's a Collections concrete class that provides implementation of a Double Ended queue that allows concurrent insertion, removal, and access operations that can be executed safely across multiple threads.
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Ans. This collections class has been implemented in such a manner that it can never throw ConcurrentModificationException. As it performs update and write operations by creating a new copy of ArrayList, It's slower compared to ArrayList.
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Ans. The goal of a synchronised block is to achieve mutual exclusion i.e at one time, the segment of the code should be executed by single thread only and hence the lock needs to be retrieved before executing the segment and then released.
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Ans. HashTable locks the complete collection to provide synchronization whereas ConcurrentHashMap only locks segments to achieve synchronization and hence better efficient and faster.
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Ans. Yes, they both aim at providing synchronized access to the Map collection. The only difference is in their implementation. ConcurrentHashMap came after HashTable and hence technically more efficient as it doesn't lock the complete map while accessing it.
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Ans. Both provide the thread safety but the actual difference come when talk about performance. CHM gives best performance when no of writer threads are less in number.
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Ans. ConcurrentHashMaps provide unlimited read operation fro multi threaded environment. For write operation only one thread can change value for particular segment of map.
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